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County of Besalú
The County of Besalú ((カタルーニャ語、バレンシア語:Comtat de Besalú), ; (ラテン語:Comitatus Bisuldunensis)) was one of the landlocked medieval Catalan counties near the Mediterranean coastline. It was roughly coterminous with the modern ''comarca'' of Garrotxa and at various times extended as far north as Corbières, Aude, now in France. Its capital was the village of Besalú. Throughout most of its history it was attached to one of the other more powerful counties, but it experienced a century of independence before it was finally and irrevocably annexed to the County of Barcelona.
==9th century: origins and development==
Besalú was reconquered from the Moors by 785.〔Lewis, 40.〕 It was originally a ''pagus'' of the County of Girona in the Marca Hispanica. The original ''pagus'' comprised the territories of Garrotxa and those neighbouring Montgrony and Setcases in the ''comarca'' of Ripollès as far as Agullana and Figueres (in Alt Empordà) and Banyoles in Pla de l'Estany.
In the ''Ordinatio Imperii'' of 817, Louis the Pious made it a part of Aquitaine and ruled it directly along with the other maritime counties of the Marca: Roussillon, Girona, Barcelona, and Empúries.〔Lewis, 44.〕 Besalú, along with Barcelona and Girona were placed under Count Bera, a Visigoth. Under Louis the Pious Gothia saw a reinvigorated monasticism spread first in Pallars and then eastward into Roussillon, Empúries, and Besalú.〔Lewis, 48.〕 Under Louis and his successors, a system of ''aprisiones'' was established in Besalú, largely held by native Goths and immigrant Gascons.〔Lewis, 73.〕
During the reign of Charles the Bald, Besalú was attached to the counties of Urgel and Cerdanya.〔Lewis, 112.〕 In 871, Wilfred the Hairy and his kin began the encastellation of Besalú by constructing a forward castle at Castellaris.〔Lewis, 131.〕 Wilfred later separated it and made his brother Radulf its count and it became one of the last ''de facto'' independent Catalan counties.
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